English Grammar and Writing Guide

Sentence Def: Sentence is group of words consist of "S + V + O" and have to be ended with "[.] full stop", "[?]question mark" and "[!] exclamatory mark." or a set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and predicate (verb), conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command, and consisting of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses Based on verb usage sentence divided onto two parts. +--------------+ | A. Nominal Sentence | +--------------+ Def: Nominal sentence is sentence using "be" as a verb. Be -> am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being. Formula: "S + V + O [complement ANA (Adj, Adv, Noun)]" E.g: She is a doctor. Details: She -> subject Is -> verb [be] A doctor -> Object [noun phrase] +-------------+ | B. Verbal sentence | +-------------+ Def: Verbal sentence is sentence using action verb. Formula: "S + V + O" E.g: She eats a banana. D...

Verb Agreements Be [am/is/are -> present] I -> am You -> are They -> are We -> are She -> is He -> is It -> is Be [was/were -> past] I -> was You -> were They -> were We -> were She -> was He -> was It -> was Will/shall [would/should] I -> will/shall You -> will They -> will We -> will/shall She -> will He -> will It -> will Do/does I -> do You -> do They -> do We -> do She -> does He -> does It. -> does Have/has I -> have You -> have They -> have We -> have She -> has He -> has It -> has All simple past verb it should be similar in every single subject.

Definition of Verb and Verb usage Verb based on its form A. Ordinary Verb Characteristic of Ordinary verb: - Only one in a sentence - Verb "action" or "non action" 1. Transitive Verb [that verb needs an object] a. Monotransitive Def: Monotransitive that verb is followed by 1 object. Form: S + V + O E.g: I buy a car. b. Distransitive Def: that verb is followed by 2 object. a). Direct Object. Form: S + V + DO + to/for + IO E.g: Mr. John brings a flower for his girlfriend. b). Indirect Object. Form: S + V + IO + DO E.g: Mr. John brings his girlfriend a flower. 2. In-transitive verb. Def: Verb didn't need an object. Form: S + V a). Complete predicative Def: Verb has made a sentence clearly without an object. E.g: She slept. b). In complete predicative Def: Verb should be followed by object, and the verb should be Linking verb and the object should be complement consists of Noun, Adjective & Adverb [AAN]. Form: S + V (LV) + O (...

Basic of verb A. Infinitive Verb [present]     1. Bare Infinitive [bare / V1]         Ex: Eat, speak, tell, etc.     2. To Infinitive [to + bare / V1]         Ex: to eat, to speak, to tell     3. Additional Infinitive [bare / V1 + s/es]         Ex: eats, speaks, tells    Note:     additional infinitive is using for third person [he/she/it] B. Participle Verb     1. Present Participle [bare / V1+ ing]         Ex: eating, speaking, telling     2. Past Participle [bare / V1 + d/ed]         Ex: walked, worked, waited         a. Past Regular [d/ed]             Ex: walk -> walk(ed) -> walk(ed)         b. Past Irregular [see oxford]             Ex: eat -> ate -> eaten Note: V1 [bare] -> ea...

Verbs - Ordinary Verb 1. Transitive a.  Mono-transitive b.  Dis-transitive - Direct Object - Indirect Object 2. Intransitive a. Complete  b. Incomplete - Auxiliary Verb  1. Primary Auxiliary  2. Modal Auxiliary  3. Emphasize Auxiliary

Part of speech: part I - Noun # Common noun # Collective noun # Material noun # Proper noun - Verb # Auxiliary verb [be, do, have] # Ordinary Verb [non-be] - Pronoun # Subjective # Objective # Possessive Adjective # Possessive pronoun # Reflexive - Adjective # Limiting Adjective [1] Article [2] Demonstrative [3] Pronoun [4] Indefinite Adjective [5] Numeral # Descriptive Adjective [1] Character [2] Quality [3] Size [4] Age [5] Temperature [6] Shape [7] Colour [8] Nationality - Adverbial # Based on its meaning # Manner # Place and direction # Time # Based on it functions # Sentence Adverb # Explanatory Adverb # Interrogative Adverb # Relative Adverb # Conjunctive Adjective - Conjunction # Compound Conjunction - Coordinative conjunction [FANBOYS] - Correlative Conjunction [both...and, etc] # Complex conjunction - S + V + complex conjunction + S + V - Preposition # Noun Prep # Adjective prep # Adverbial prep - Interje...